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Self explosion can be divided into two types according to different causes:

One is self explosion caused by visible defects in the glass, such as stones, sand particles, bubbles, inclusions, notches, scratches, edge explosions, etc;

The other is the self explosion of tempered glass caused by nickel sulfide (NIS) impurities and heterogeneous particles in the glass. Ballantyne proposed the nickel sulfide mechanism of self explosion of tempered glass in 1961. Bordeaux and kasperr have studied 250 cases of spontaneous explosion. It is found that the diameter of nickel sulfide causing spontaneous explosion is between 0.04 ~ 0.65mm, and the average particle size is 0.2mm. The newly discovered heterogeneous particles cause the self explosion of tempered glass.

These are two different types of self explosion, which should be clearly classified, treated differently, and handled with different methods. The former is generally visible by visual inspection and relatively easy to detect, so it is controllable in production. The latter is mainly caused by the volume expansion of tiny nickel sulfide particles in the glass, which cannot be visually inspected, so it is uncontrollable. In terms of actual operation and treatment, the former can generally be removed before installation, while the latter continues to exist because it cannot be inspected, becoming the main factor of self explosion of tempered glass in use. It is difficult to replace nickel sulfide after self explosion, with high processing costs. At the same time, it will be accompanied by large quality complaints and economic losses, resulting in dissatisfaction of the owner and even more serious other consequences.

After the glass is tempered in the tempering furnace, the surface layer forms compressive stress. The internal core layer is tensile stress, and the compressive stress and tensile stress form a balance. Glass itself is a brittle material, which is resistant to pressure but not to tension, so most of the broken glass is caused by tensile stress.

There are also some other factors for self explosion of tempered glass: unreasonable slotting and drilling of glass, poor quality of original glass sheet, uneven thickness such as embossed glass, uneven stress distribution such as bent tempered glass and area tempered glass, etc.